英语常用介词(共7页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上（一）表示时间的介词：1at, on, in(1) at表示“在某一时刻、某一时点”at 5:30 在5:30 at sunrise 日出时 at lunch 午饭时at noon 正午时 at night 夜间I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6:00起床。表示“在岁”时用at the age of。如：at the age of five.在五岁时。(2) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如：on Monday在星期一 on April 1st在四月一日I heard a shot on the morning of Marc

2、h 18.三月十八日早晨我听到一声枪响。泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night；但若指具体某一天的上述时段时，则一律用on。如：On the afternoon of May 23.在五月二十三日下午。(3) in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。in September 在九月 in winter 在冬季in 1999 在1999年 in the 20th century在20世纪in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上2for, during, thr

3、ough(1) for表示“一段时间”，后接与数词连用的时间名词。多与完成时连用。Ive been a soldier for 5 years.我入伍已5年了。She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。表示“持续一段时间”时，for后面必须跟“数字+时间名词”，而during后决不可接数字。(2) during表示“在期间”He visited many nice places during his stay here.在他逗留期间他参观了许多美丽的地方。What did you do during the summer vacation? 你在暑

4、假做了什么？(3) through表示“一直，自始至终”They worked hard through the winter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。She treated me like her brother through these years. 这些年来她始终把我当哥哥对待。 3from, since(1) from表示“等时间的起点”，作“从”解，多用于“fromto/till”中。You can come anytime from Monday to Friday.周一至周五你什幺时间来都行。The exam will start from 9:00am. 考试将从上午九点开

5、始。from“从（开始）”未必持续到现在，如：from 1995 to 1998.从1995年到1998年。而since是指“自从以来一直持续到现在”since一般只与现在完成时连用，而from不受此限。(2) since表示“自从以来（直到现在）”He has been away from home since 1973.他自从1973年就离开了家乡。We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。for与since表示一段时间，但for与时间段连用，而since与时间点连用。如for two hours（持续）两小时；since

6、 last week自从上周直到现在4before, by, till, until(1) before指“在之前”Please come before ten oclock.请10点以前来。The meeting will end after 3:00pm.会议将在下午三点后结束。表示“在以前”时，before与by基本可通用。但by还有“截至为止”之意，此时可与完成时连用，而before一般不与完成时连用。如：How many models have you made by the end of last month?截至上月底你做了多少个模型？(2) by指“不迟于，到时为止，在以前”I

7、 must finish my homework by lunch.午饭前我必须做完作业。We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.到上学期末为止，我们已经学了1000多个单词了。(3) tell (until) “直到为止”You must wait for him till tomorrow.你必须一直等到他明天。He didnt come back until twelve oclock last night.他昨晚下到12点才回来。在肯定句中，till (until)必须与延续动词连用。若与点动词连用，till (un

8、til)只能用于否定句中。5after, in, withinafter表示“在之后”，是before的反义词。Well hold a party after dinner.晚餐后我们将举办晚会。He got a cancer and died after a year.他患了癌症，一年后去世了。Ill phone you after 1 arrive.到达后我给你打电话。（after作连词）within“在时间之内”I can finish it with an hour.我不需一小时就可把它做完。比 较 after与inafter后可跟时间段，也可跟时间点，如after school（放学

9、后），而in后必须跟一段时间，如in an hour（一小时后）。after既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时，而in只能用于将来时。after既可作介词，又可作连词，而in只能作介词in“在时间之后”Ill arrive in an hour.我一小时后到达。in与within后都必须跟时间段。（二）表示“地点、方向”的介词：1in outside between, amongin表示“在里面”，如：Whats in the box? 盒子里是什么？She put her book in the desk. 她把书放进了书桌。outside指“在外面”There are many people

10、outside the room.房间外有很多人。What did your see outside the hall? 你在大厅外看见了什么？between在之间（指二者）There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office.在宾馆与邮局之间有所医院。The building stands between the park and the small river. 那栋建筑位于公园和小河之间。 between是指“在两者之间”，而among指“在多个之间”。among在之间（指三者以上）“There is a thief amon

11、g you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd.警察向人群喊道：“你们中间有个小偷！”He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。2on, above, over, below, under(1) on在上面，表面相互接触。There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一个苹果。On the top of the hill, there is a flag. 山顶有一面旗子。(2) above只表示“在上方或位置高出”，与below相对。A plane flew above ou

12、r heads.一架飞机从我们头上飞过。The Turners live above us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。(3) over“在正上方”，与under相对。There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那张图挂在黑板的正上方。(4) below在下方，低于There are many flowers below the window.窗下有很多花。Her skirt reaches just below her knees.她的裙子刚到膝盖下。(5) under

13、在正下方They sat under a big tree, drinking.他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么？3near, by, beside(1) near在附近，与far相对A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。My hone is near he school. 我的家离学校很近。(2) by = beside,靠近，在旁边，比near距离更近 He just sat by/ beside me in the cine

14、ma.在电影院他就坐在我旁边。He lay down beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。4in front of, behind, around(1) in front of在前面A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door. 他们在门前放了一束花。 in the front of表示“在前部”，指里面。There is a red chair in the front of the room.在房间前半部有把红椅子。(2) beh

15、ind在后面A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高层建筑。The cat lies behind the door. 猫躺在门后面。(3) around在周围，围绕There are many trees around the villege.村子周围有很多树围绕。There are flowers around the stage. 舞台周围摆着鲜花。5from, to, for, into, out of(1) from从The train started from Paris.火车发自巴黎。She will fly from B

16、eijing to Hongkong. 她将从北京飞往香港。(2) to到（目的地）去，向He went to Germany last year.他去年去了德国。They got to the town very late. 他们很晚才到那个镇。(3) for向，表目的方向He left for Tianjin on business yesterday.他昨天出差去天津了。The train for Shanghai has been away. 去往上海的火车已经开走了。towards, to和for都可表示“向”，其区别如下：towards仅指朝向某个方向，不一定是目的地，而 to和f

17、or都是“向目的地”。for作“向（目的地）”时，常用于固定搭配中，如：leave for; start for(4) into进入Please put the water into the bottle.请把水倒入瓶子里。The teacher came into the classroom with a smile. 老师微笑着走进了教室。(5) out of从出来A beautiful girl in red went out of the shop.一个穿红衣服的漂亮女孩从商店里走了出来。They pulled him out of the water. 他们把他从水里拉了出来。6al

18、ong, across, through(1) along沿着He likes to drive along the river.他喜欢沿着河开车。There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road street. 沿街有着各种美丽的花。(2) across横穿The little girl is afraid to go across the street.这个小女孩不敢横穿马路。Its dangerous to run across the busy road. 跑着穿越繁忙的马路是很危险的。(3) through穿过It too

19、k us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.开车穿过这条隧道花了我们10分钟时间。He pushed his way through the crowd to the platform. 他从人群里挤到了站台。7at, in二者都表示“在某个地方”，但at多指较小的地方，如车站、家等，而in多指在“大地方”，如城市、国家、大洲等。（但大小有时也是相对的）。He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27号。The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:

20、00. 飞机将于13点到达北京。三、其它用途的介词：1 表示“标准或单位”的介词：at, for, by(1) at表示“以速度”“以价格”He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小时8英里的速度行驶。I sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的汽车。(2) for用交换I bought it for 20 dollars.买它花了我20美元。How much for these apples? 这些苹果多少钱？at与for都表示价格，但at表示“单价”,for表示总价,at后一般跟“price”这个词，而for后

21、只能跟总钱数。如：I bought it at a low price.我买它的价格很低。I bought it at the price of $80 a pound.我以每磅80美元的价格买的它。I sold it for $10.我10美元把它卖掉了。(3) by以计，后跟度量单位Gold is sold by the gram.金以克出售。They paid him by the month.他们按月给他计酬。2表示“材料”的介词：of, from, in(1) of表示从成品仍可看出原料。This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。This salad is

22、 made of apples and strwberres. 这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。(2) from表示从成品已看不出原料。Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麦做的。The lifeboat is made from some special material. 这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。(3) in用材料。 常用write, speak, talk, answer等连用。Please fill in the form in pencil first.请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English.他们用英语交谈。in指材料时，材料前不

23、用冠词。比较：用铅笔画 3表示“工具或手段”的介词：by, with, on(1) by凭借“工具或手段（多用于交通工具）如： by bus乘公共汽车，by plane乘飞机He usually goes to work by bike.他通常骑车去上班。He sent the news to me by e-mail.他通过电子邮件发给了我这一消息。表示搭乘交通工具时，既可用by，又可用in，区别在于用by时，表示交通工具的名词前不能加冠词，而用in时名词前必须加冠词。(2) with用工具He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把玻He stopped t

24、he ball with his right foot.他用脚把球停住。with表示“用工具”时，工具前必须加冠词或物主代词。(3) on以方式。多用于固定词组。They talked on the telephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。4表示“关于”的介词：of, about, on(1) of仅指“关于”人或事物的存在，如：He spoke of the film the other day.他前几天提到了这部影片。He thought of this matter yesterday

25、.他昨天想到了这件事。He thought about this matter yesterday.他昨天考虑了这件事。(2) about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。Its a book for children about Africa and its people.它是一本供儿童阅读的关于非洲和非洲人的书。Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗？(3) on是指“关于”学术性的或严肃的，供专门研究用的。Its a textbook on the history of China.它是一本有关中国历史的教

26、科书。5表示“原因、理由”的介词：for, at, from, of, with(1) for表示“一般的理由”常与famous, punish等词连用。Xian is famous for its long history.西安因历史悠久而著名。The city is well known for her large population. 这座城市以人口众多而知名。(2) at一般指“情感”的原因，通常放在表示“惊讶或喜悦等感情”的动词或形容词之后，表示“因听到或看到而”。She got angry at his words.她因为他的话生气了。He was surprised at th

27、e news.听到这消息他大吃一惊。(3) from表示“外在的原因”。如受伤、车祸等。He died from the wound.他因受伤而致死。Her son was badly hurt in a traffic accident. 她儿子在一次车祸中严重受伤。(4) of表示“内在的原因”，如病、饿等到。He died of cancer.他死于癌症。The old man died of hunger.老人死于饥饿。(5) with表示“由外在影响到肉体或心理”的原因。He shook with cold.他因寒冷而发抖。He shouted loudly with anger.

28、他气得大喊大叫。6like, as(1) like像一样（其实不是）The little tiger looks like a cat.这只小老虎看起来像只猫。The mooncakes are like the moon. 月饼像月亮。(2) as作为，以身份（其实是）He was hanged as a spy.他被作为间谍绞死了。He talk to me as a father.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。7against, foragainst反对，与for是反义词，如：Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法？They fought

29、against the enemy. 他们抗击敌人。8besides, except都表示“除了”。besides的用法就等于as well as。He is interested in tennis besides（as well as）football. 除了足球，他还对网球感兴趣。（1）besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“除之外还、除之外又”，表示两部分的相似性。Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外，还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了)We like biology bes

30、ides English.除了英语外，我们还喜欢生物。（生物和英语都喜欢）（2）except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“撇开不谈”,表示两部分的不同。Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动）All the visitors are Japanese except him.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）介词的省略在以下几种情况中，介词常常省略。1当表示时间的词前有this, that, next, last, every, each, some, any, all等时，介词

31、应省略。We watched an exciting football match last week.（last week前不能用介词in等）上周我们看了一场激动人心的足球赛。Come any day you like. 你想哪天来哪天来。Come on any day you like.（）next前可以加冠词，但意义不同。next week下周（以现在为起点）the next week第二周（以过去某时为起点）2表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一”解时，前面不用介词，如：每小时80英里。80 miles in an hour.（）80 miles an hour.（）An apple a day keeps the doctor away.每天吃一个苹果，医生不找我。3含有way的短语。如：in the same way, in this/that way, in another way等用于句末时，in常省略。She did it the same way.她用同样的方法做的。专心-专注-专业